October 2025 APCA MARKET PENETRATION RESEARCH www.ContinuumCapital.net 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 - 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 Mileage Union Trade Workforce Split TU: Supervision TU: Operators TU: Laborers TU: Teamsters or Trucking TU: Welders & Helpers Gas T, HL, & Gath. Mileage Union Trade Workforce Split 43 Interpretive Note: “TU” refers to Trade Union Employee Type Source: Propriety Continuum analysis of survey, interview, and industry data to develop and algorithm to estimate trade mixture as a function of pipeline workforce size. Union Field Position 2000 2023 23 Year Peak / Trough 23 Year Average / Median TU: Supervision 559 1,263 3,134 / 528 1,639 / 1,735 TU: Operators 1,265 2,860 7,096 / 1,196 3,710 / 3,928 TU: Laborers 1,423 3,217 7,981 / 1,345 4,173 / 4,417 TU: Teamsters or Trucking 158 357 887 / 149 464 / 491 TU: Welders & Helpers 1,241 2,805 6,959 / 1,173 3,638 / 3,852 Total Union Workforce 4,646 10,502 26,057 / 4,392 13,624 / 14,422
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