October 2025 APCA MARKET PENETRATION RESEARCH www.ContinuumCapital.net Summary Conclusions (3 of 16) Market Size by Workforce Conclusions – Long-haul, big inch, and transmission system expansion favored large union contractors. • 2008/2009 peak mileage primarily captured by union contractors. – Union capacity limitations and the geographic location of gas/liquid system capacity issues addressed by transmission and station work pushed activity toward merit shop contractors who beyond 2010 captured the majority of spending growth. • 2014, 2017, and 2019 peak mileage primarily captured by merit shop contractors. – Construction industry union membership has steadily declined from approximately 15% in 2000 to approximately 10% in 2023. • With each growth wave since 2008, merit shop contractors picked up a higher proportion of work and in the work slowdowns, lost less workforce than union firms. 14
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